The Anglo-Persian Oil Co. (Later Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. and BP)
Gabriela Monasterio and Eric Ackbar
1901 William D’Arcy funds project for oil in the Anglo-Persian region, nearly bankrupted himself.
George Reynolds was in charge of the on site drilling/finding of oil.
May 26,1908 finally hit oil
The Field of Naphtha: site of company’s early refinery - used donkey to build pipeline since area was rugged and had no roads.
1909 Abadan refinery finally completed
1914 Nearly reached bankruptcy since cars were still too expensive for the average person, and many still believed in the power of coal. Winston Churchill argued for Britain to have personal access to a large oil deposit and thus the government became a significant shareholder (51%).
British Petroleum brand actually started from a German Company. In WWI the british governments seized their assets and sold it to the Anglo-Persian Company
1951 Mohammed Mossadegh tries to kick the AIOC out of Iran to help nationalize oil. The rest of the modern world disagrees, and help the British embargo non- AIOC Iranian oil
AIOC shuts down oil production until the revolution in 1953
1953 MI6 and CIA work together to overthrow Iranian government and (CIA interested in stopping the spread of communism). Supplying guns, bombs, and ammunition. They also hired protesters to fight on their behalf.
1954 Changes name to BP
1970’s Britain leaves Iran; however, Iran begins conquering several Arab Islands in the Strait of Hormuz.This angers newly appointed dictator of Libya Ghaddafi. He nationalizes Libya’s oil enticing neighboring Middle Eastern countries to begin nationalizing their own oil. Oil from Middle East shrinks from 140 million tons in 1975 to 500,000 tons in 1983. BP forced to seek alternative sources, such as the Forties Oil field and Alaska oil from Prudhoe Bay. Take part in constructing Trans-Atlantic Pipeline in 1975
IMPACT
Iran focuses on oil instead of their gov’t
The head start Iran and BP gained was lost after Iran nationalized oil, causing a major drop in production
British, US and Iran have a very strained relationship after the coup in 1953
Iran’s non-oil related issues are ignored
Bibliography
Boundless.com. “A Grinding War against Iran.” Boundless. Accessed October 29, 2013. https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/from-isolation-to-world-war-ii-1930-1943/the-end-of-wwii/a-grinding-war-against-iran/.
BP p.l.c. “History of BP: First Oil.” BP Global. Last modified 2013. Accessed October 29, 2013. http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/our-history/history-of-bp/first-oil.html.
Cavendish, Richard. “The Iranian Oil Fields Are Nationalised.” In History Today, 2001. Vol. 51. London, United Kingdom: History Today Ltd., 2001. Previously published in History Today.
Heiss, Mary Ann. “Real Men Don’t Wear Pajamas.” Last modified January 20, 2012. PDF.
Moaddel, Mansoor, ed. “Anglo - Iranian Oil Company.” Answers.com. Accessed November 6, 2013. http://www.answers.com/topic/anglo-iranian-oil-company.
Norouzi, Arash Norouzi. “The ‘Moral Challenge’ Not Taken TIME’s ‘Man of the Year’ Choice Portends 60 Years of US Policy.” Mohammad Mossadegh. Last modified January 7, 2012. Accessed November 6, 2013. http://www.mohammadmossadegh.com/news/time-magazine/man-of-the-year/.
A Timeline of BP Logos. Image. Dynamic Software. Accessed October 31, 2013. http://www.igg.org.uk/gansg/12-linind/petroch/bplogos.jpg.
Wolfe, Lisa Wolf Reynolds. “Cold War in Iran: The Politics of Oil.” The Cold War (blog). Entry posted February 15, 2011. Accessed November 6, 2013. http://www.coldwarstudies.com/2011/02/15/cold-war-in-iran-the-politics-of-oil/.
Young Winston Churchill. Photograph. Berryhill and Sturgeon, Ltd. April 25, 2013. Accessed November 5, 2013. http://berryhillsturgeon.com/Archives/Britain/George%20V/Pitman/GeorgeVPitman.html.